Jorge's Blog

  The Wizard of Oz (1939)                                                        [Image: Flickr ] W hat makes a political leader look powerful? Is strength something a leader possesses, or something a society collectively agrees to see? In a recent interview with journalist Nicolle Wallace , historian and Professor Timothy Snyder offered a striking interpretation of Donald Trump's political persona: "He lives entirely by the strength that is conferred upon him by people who believe the story," Dr. Snyder told Wallace. "It's like the end of the Wizard of Oz. In a moment you realise — wait a minute, there actually isn't anything there." Taken psychologically, this argument is less about Trump's private personality than about a fundamental feature of social power: power is partly relational . A leader may occupy a formally powerful positi...

[Image credit: raportuldegarda.ro ] I n 2021, an Instagram employee created a false account posing as a thirteen-year-old girl searching for diet tips. Within minutes, the algorithm was surfacing accounts titled "skinny binge" and "apple core anorexic". The employee documented what she found. It was not a surprise to her colleagues — internal research had been saying this for years. What made the moment extraordinary was that the documents eventually reached the public, courtesy of whistleblower Frances Haugen, and were published by the Wall Street Journal in September 2021 . They revealed something the company had worked hard to avoid saying publicly: Instagram knew it was making things worse. "We make body image issues worse for one in three teen girls." — Internal Meta slide presentation, 2019 . What the internal documents showed The leaked presentations — reviewed across an 18-month window from 2019 — were striking not for being unusual ...

[Image credit: frontiersin.org ] S omewhere between your third and fourth scroll this morning, an algorithm quietly decided what kind of person you are. It inferred your openness to new ideas from what you paused on, your emotional stability from what provoked a reaction, your social orientation from how you interact with others' content. Technology companies have been doing this for years, using personality models built by academic psychologists over decades. The real science behind those models — not the pop-psychology version — is far more nuanced and useful than any personality type has ever suggested. Understanding it matters for how we know ourselves, how we judge others, and how we resist being profiled by systems we didn't consent to. Personality is not a fixed label. It is a set of tendencies: measurable, partially heritable, genuinely predictive, and far more context-dependent than any online quiz has ever acknowledged. From types to traits For most of ...

[Image credit: flickr ] Y our friend cares about the environment, but they also booked a flight last month. They value independent thinking, yet their social media feed shows they almost exclusively follow people who already agree with them. They believe in fairness — however their shopping habits probably don't reflect that. None of this makes them a bad person. It makes them human, and it makes them a textbook case of one of the most robust findings in all of social psychology: cognitive dissonance . Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable feeling that arises when two things we believe — or a belief and a behaviour — contradict each other. Psychologist Leon Festinger (1957) , who first mapped the concept, showed that this discomfort is not just a passing awkwardness. It is a genuine motivational force. It pushes us to act.  The catch is that "acting" almost never means changing our behaviour. It means changing our thinking — finding some way to make the contr...

[Image credit: flickr ] T hink about the last time you walked into a supermarket. The fresh produce is positioned near the entrance not because it is easiest to stock there, but because the smell of fresh food puts you in a generous, open-handed mood before you reach the expensive aisles. The sweets are at the checkout, where your willpower is lowest. Every element of the store's layout has been designed to produce specific behaviours.  Modern news works on exactly the same principle. The format you encounter (the sequence, hierarchy, and emphasis of its structural elements) has been constructed to produce specific responses. The difference is that most people know supermarkets are designed to make them spend. Almost nobody applies the same scrutiny to a news website. Every news story is a structured environment, never a neutral record of events. The sequence in which information is presented, the words chosen for headlines, the photographs selected, the sources quoted, and the...

[Image credit: flickr ] T he word "objective" is doing enormous amounts of work in contemporary media culture, and almost none of it holds up under examination. Every news article, every broadcast, every journalist that presents itself as neutral is making a claim that five decades of rigorous linguistic research have systematically dismantled. Language is not a transparent window onto reality. It is a selection system, a framing architecture, a set of choices made under conditions of institutional pressure, commercial interest, ideological assumption, and cognitive bias (each of which shapes what audiences receive as fact). The claim to objectivity is, in the precise technical sense that discourse analysts use the term, a rhetorical strategy . This post examines how that strategy operates, why it is so effective, and what it takes to read through it. The foundational framework is Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) , developed most systematically by Fairclough (1992) , w...